musings on russian vocabulary
One of the verbs that means ‘to fall in love’ is:
Imperfective Perfective Infinitive влюбляться влюбиться Past влюблялся
влюблялась
влюблялось
влюблялисьвлюбился
влюбилась
влюбилось
влюбилисьPresent влюбляюсь
влюбляешься
влюбляется
влюбляемся
влюбляетесь
влюбляютсяNo such thing as
perfective present
in Russian.Future буду влюбляться
будешь влюбляться
будет влюбляться
будем влюбляться
будете влюбляться
будут влюблятьсявлюблюсь
влюбишься
влюбится
влюбимся
влюбитесь
влюбятсяImperative влюбляйся
влюбляйтесьвлюбись
влюбитесь
Note that the verb is complemented by a prepositional phrase with в followed by the accusative case.
Антон влюбился в Анну. Anton fell in love with Anna. Анна влюбилась в Антона. Anna fell in love with Anton Although the verb is mostly used in the past tense, it can be used in other tenses as well.
— Не поверишь, но я вчера влюбилась!
— Верю. Ты ведь влюбляешься каждые два дня.“You're not going to believe this, but I've fallen in love!”
“I believe it. You fall in love every other day.”— Я существо чистого разума. Я и разумом подберу себе подходящую жену.
— Помяни моё слово. Как только ты в девушку влюбишься, и ты потеряешь голову, как каждый мужчина.“I am a creature of pure intellect, and it's by means of my intellect that I shall choose an appropriate wife for myself.”
“Mark my words: as soon as you fall in love with a girl, you'll be head over heels just like any other man.”You may recall that we previously said that полюбить can also mean ‘to fall in love.’ That leaves us with the question of when to use which verb. Actually, you can start some pretty interesting arguments among Russians about which is the more serious emotion, полюбить or влюбиться. Nonetheless, I can give you one guideline, if you suddenly fall head over heels in love with a person, then влюбиться is the verb you use to describe it, not полюбить.
One of the verbs that means to love is:
Imperfective Perfective Infinitive любить полюбить Past любил
любила
любило
любилиполюбил
полюбила
полюбило
полюбилиPresent люблю
любишь
любит
любим
любите
любятNo such thing as
perfective present
in Russian.Future буду любить
будешь любить
будет любить
будем любить
будете любить
будут любитьполюблю
полюбишь
полюбит
полюбим
полюбите
полюбятImperative люби(те) полюби(те)
When you use the imperfective, it means the subject has an established liking for the direct object, and it can be translated as like or love:
Моя бабушка любила шоколад. My grandmother loved chocolate. — Ты любишь кофе?
— Да, люблю.“Do you like coffee?”
“Yes, I do.”The verb can also be complemented by the infinitive:
Мой брать любит кататься на лыжах. My brother loves downhill skiing. Я люблю играть на гитаре. I love to play the guitar. The prefix по- often adds the idea of ‘start to,’ and that applies to this verb. In English the equivalent of ‘start to love’ is ‘fall in love with’:
В прошлом году я так полюбил Казань. Last year I simply fell in love with Kazan. По-моему, ты полюбишь Париж. Город такой замечательный. I think you will fall in love with Paris. The city is so amazing.
Love... it comes in so many forms... specifically nouns and verbs, and today we are going to talk about the Russian noun любовь, which is a third declension noun, complicated by a fleeting vowel:
Sg Pl Nom любовь любви Acc Gen любви любвей Pre любвях Dat любвям Ins любовью любвями You don't encounter the plural forms very often, but theoretically they exist.
Любовь has several meanings. First off, it's love, the positive feeling that binds people to other people in the best sense:
Наша любовь длится уже тридцать лет. Our love has lasted for thirty years now. Я раньше не верил в любовь, но как только я познакомился с Клавой, я понял, что всё было не так, как я раньше думал. I used to not believe in love at all, but as soon as I met Klava, I knew that everything was different than I had previously thought. Молодые люди вообще женятся по любви, но совместная жизнь складывается удачно по другим причинам, точнее по дружбе и взаимоуважению. Young people usually get married for love, but life together thrives for different reasons, specifically due to friendship and mutual respect. Наша бабушка относилась ко всем своим восемнадцати внукам с любовью. Our grandmother related to all eighteen of her grandchildren with love. Любовь can also mean the person that instills love in you:
Мы с Таней поженились сорок лет назад, и она ещё моя любовь. Tanya and I got married forty years ago, and she is still my true love. Мы с Антоном скоро поженимся. Жду, не дождусь. Он ведь был моей любовью с детского сада. Anton and I will be married soon. I can't wait. After all, he has been the love of my life since kindergarten. Now here's an interesting cross-cultural parallelism. In the Christian tradition there are three theological virtues, which are usually called faith, hope and love. But if you read a King James Bible, you will find that one of the older words for love is charity. Faith, Hope and Charity can all be women's names in English. And in Russian those words can also be women's names:
Russian woman's name
and virtueEnglish woman's name
and virtueВера Faith Надежда Hope Любовь Charity I Cor 13:13 still makes me tremble:
А теперь пребывают сии три: вера, надежда, любовь; но любовь из них больше. And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity.
I find my relationship with Luludya goes much more smoothly if I give her grandmother a certain sum of money every Friday. Last week I was a bit late with her gift. Honestly, I wasn't skipping it on purpose — I know better than to try anything like that — but I was in fact a few hours late with the payment, an honest mistake, and as I entered the harridan's room, she gave me a certain look. When I returned home, I sensed a certain rumbling in my bowels, and then I spent the next ten hours in the smallest room of the house, and I knew:
Старуха меня сглазила. The old woman had hexed me. The phrase for ‘the evil eye’ in Russian is ‘дурной глаз’ or sometimes ‘лихой глаз’ or ‘худой глаз.’ When someone is affected by the evil eye, the Russians often use the word сглазить ‘to hex, jinx, curse’ to describe it. This verb only occurs in the perfective:
Perfective Infinitive сглазить Past сглазил
сглазила
сглазило
сглазилиPresent No such thing as
perfective present
in Russian.Future сглажу
сглазишь
сглазит
сглазим
сглазите
сглазятImperative сглазь(те) You can find the verb in phrases such as:
Не обижай её, а то она сглазит. Don't offend her or she'll put the evil eye on you. Ребёнку плохо спится. Должно быть, кто-то его сглазил. My child is sleeping poorly. Someone must have hexed him. — У меня сегодня ничего не получается.
— Кто-то тебя сглазил.“Nothing is working out right for me today.”
“Someone jinxed you.”Some years ago I came across a book called “Murphy’s Law and Other Reasons Why Things Go Wrong” by Arthur Bloch which contained a definition that went something like this:
The Unspeakable Law: The moment you mention something, if it's bad, it happens; if it's good, it goes away.
Many Russians have an inner feeling that the second bit is true. You musn't praise or compliment someone or express good expectations, otherwise you'll jinx yourself. So if you say something good, you need some magical little phrase to counteract the potential jinx. In AmE we say "knock on wood" in that context, and Russians may ceremonially spit over their left shoulder, which is represented in written form as «тьфу, тьфу», and then they add something like «чтобы не сглазить» “so that we don't jinx overselves”:
Наш новый клиент завтра подпишет контракт, который принесёт в нашу фирму огромные деньги, тьфу, тьфу, чтобы не сглазить. Our new client is signing a contract tomorrow that will bring our company a huge amount of money, knock on wood. Certain recent events have brought me to the conclusion that I may sometime need stronger counteragents to the evil eye. Fortunately a quick web search has revealed a most amazing website in Russia where for a mere $500 one can obtain such help. Here's a description of their remarkable wares:
В центре «Линия жизни» можно будет приобрести ТАЛИСМАНЫ и АМУЛЕТЫ, «заряженные» нашими ведущими специалистами, победителями и финалистами телепередачи «Битва экстрасенсов». Это изделия из серебра с инкрустацией, каждое – прекрасное украшение, обладающее магической силой. (source) At “Life Line” you can obtain TALISMANS and AMULETS ‘charged’ by our leading specialists, winners and finalists of the “Battle of the Psychics” TV show. These items are inlaid silver, each one a beautiful decoration with magical power. Yes, indeed. Three or four of those and I think I won't be having problems with the evil eye anymore. I'll place my order today.
The eyes are the mirrors of the soul, but sometimes something robs them of that ethereal connection. For instance, we can get something in our eye. In Russian this often includes the word соринка, which means ‘a little bit of junk’:
У меня соринка в глазу. Не поможешь достать? I've got something in my eye. Can you help me get it out? After someone has had too much to drink, the eyes may become bloodshot:
— Почему твои глаза покраснели? “Why are your eyes bloodshot?” — Ну, как тебе сказать? У меня аллергия. “Well, how can I say this? I have an allergy.” — Понял. У тебя аллергия на трезвость. “I understand perfectly. You're allergic to sobriety.”
:: Next >>
Study Russian at Arizona State University's
School of International Letters & Cultures
Summer 2012 offerings through ASU's Critical Language Institute:
Albanian
Armenian
Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian
Farsi
Macedonian
Modern Hebrew
Polish
Russian I, II (at ASU)
Russian III, IV (in Kazan)
Tatar (in Kazan)
Uzbek
Click here for a brochure with details on dates and optional travel/study abroad at program's end. Click here for a brochure with details on study in Russia in particular.